Analysis Of Bosnia-Herzegovina Armed Conflict

Ridha Ayu Rachmawati; Herlina Juni Risma Saragih; I Gede Sumertha Kusuma Yanca; Pujo Widodo

doi:10.55227/ijhess.v3i3.797

Authors

Ridha Ayu Rachmawati Peace and Conflict Resolution Program, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Herlina Juni Risma Saragih Peace and Conflict Resolution Program, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University
I Gede Sumertha Kusuma Yanca Peace and Conflict Resolution Program, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Pujo Widodo Peace and Conflict Resolution Program, Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defense University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i3.797

Keywords:

Bosnia and Herzegovina, International Armed Conflict, Non-International Armed Conflict, Analysis Conflict

Abstract

The Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict in 1992 was a war that had its roots in the ethnic conflict (1992–1995) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a former Yugoslav Republic with a multiethnic population consisting of Bosniaks (Bosnian Muslims), Serbs, and Croats. The Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict was a Non-International Armed Conflict (NIAC) which turned into an International Armed Conflict (NIAC). Factors causing conflict include ethnic and religious differences, the death of President Josip Broz Tito, the political policies of President Slobodan Milosevic, strategic areas, competition for natural and industrial resources, recognition of independence by the European Community and international organizations, and the economic crisis. International organizations that participated in ending the Bosnia-Herzegovina conflict include the UN, UNPROFOR, NATO, IFOR, SFOR, NAC, SHAPE, COMARCC, OIC, and NAM. After years of fierce fighting involving the three groups, Western countries, with the support of NATO, implemented a final ceasefire negotiated in Dayton, Ohio, USA, in 1995. This research uses qualitative research methods. Data presentation is carried out descriptively based on a comprehensive literature study from books, journals, and news to examine an event that has occurred objectively using existing theoretical approaches.

References

Abhiseva.id. (2020). Intervensi NATO di Bosnia dan Herzegovina. Diakses dari: https://abhiseva.id/intervensi-nato-di-bosnia-herzegovina.html. Pada 16 Agustus 2022.

Amelia, Siska. (2014). Genosida terhadap Bosnia Herzegovina: Kajian terhadap Pembentukan Negara Bosnia Herzegovina 1991-1995. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

Atkinson, Rick. (1995). Air Assault Set Stage For Broader Role. diakses dari: https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1995/11/15/air-assault-set-stage-for-broader-role/6733b72a-0a4c-4960-832d-29163e718573/. Pada 16 Agustus 2022.

Bideleux, R. (2006). The Balkan : A Post Communist History.

CIA GOV. Natural Resources. Dari : https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/bosnia-and-herzegovina/ diakses pada 21 Juni 2022.

Coady, C.A.J. (2002). The ethics of armed humanitarian intervention. Washington: United States Institute of Peace. http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/resources/pwks45.pdf. Diakses pada 16 Agustus 2022.

DCAF & Geneva Call. (2015). Armed Non-State Actors: Current Trends & Future Challenges.

Fahrurodji, A. (2005). Rusia Baru Menuju Demokrasi. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

Grant, T. D. (2009). Admission to the United Nations: Charter Article 4 and the Rise of Universal Organization. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). (2008). How is the Term "Armed Conflict" Defined in International Humanitarian Law?. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Opinion Paper.

Lapidus, Ira M. (2000). Sejarah Sosial Umat Islam. Bagian kedua. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada; A Number Of Leading Orientalit, The Encyclopedia Of Islam. (1960). Terjemahan Kramers dan Schacht. Leiden: Photomechanical Reprint.

Latif, D. (2005). Peace Building After Humanitarian Intervention: The Case of Bosniaand Herzegovina. The Middle East Technical University (p. 76). The Middle East Technical University.

Malcolm, N. (2002). Bosnia: A Short History. Pan Books.

Malcolm, Noel. (1996). Bosnia A Short History. London: Papermac. hlm. 234. Lihat lampiran 19.

Mun’im, Muhammad Abdul, Al Busnah wal Hersik Ummah Tudzbah wa Syu’ab Yubaad, a. b. Abdul Haris Rifai dan Abdullah Aly. (1992). Jihad di Bosnia: Umat yang Dibantai, Bangsa yang Dibinasakan. Jakarta: Yayasan Al-Mukmin.

NATO. (2002). Operation Deliberate Force. Diakses dari: https://web.archive.org/web/20081110153404/http://www.afsouth.nato.int/factsheets/DeliberateForceFactSheet.htm. Pada 16 Agustus 2022

NATO. (2022). Peace Support Operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1995-2004). Diakses dari: https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_52122.htm. Pada 16 Agustus 2022

Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened. (1982). Tokoh dan Peristiwa dalam Sejarah Eropa 1815-1945. Jakarta: Erlangga.

Seybolt, T. B. (2008). Humanitarian Military Intervention The conditions For Success and Failure. Oxford: Oxford University.

Silber, Laura dan Allan Little. (1996). The Death Of Yugoslavia. New York: Penguin Books. Lihat lampiran 20, hlm. 177.

Sumartini, Sri. (2014). Perang Bosnia: Konflik Etnis Menuju Kemerdekaan (1991-1995). Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta; Astrid D. H. & Faisal A. Nadif. (2011). Sejarah Perang-Perang Besar di Dunia.Yogyakarta: Familia

Susilo, Taufik Adi. (2009). Mengenal Benua Eropa. Yogyakarta: Garasi. hlm. 127. Lihat lampiran 4.

Syamsul Hadi, (1997). Politik Standar Ganda Amerika Serikat Terhadap Bosnia. Jakarta: FoDis.

United Nations. (n.d.). The International Criminal Tribunal For The Former Yugoslavia.

Welle, M. (1996). Peacekeeping and Peace-Enforcement in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht.

Young, K. (2001). UNHCR and ICRC in the Former Yugoslavia: Bosnia-Herzegovina. International Review of the Red Cross, 83 (September), 781–806.