Literature Review On Fast Missile Ships (KCR) In The Context Of Military Modernization: A Historical Review And Challenges To Indonesia's  Contribution To Maritime Defense

Shidqi Divreda Sulaeman; I Nengah Putra A; Imanuel Dindin

doi:10.55227/ijhess.v3i5.825

Authors

Shidqi Divreda Sulaeman The Republic of Indonesia Defense University
I Nengah Putra A Motion Technology Study Program, Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia
Imanuel Dindin Motion Technology Study Program, Faculty of Defense Science and Technology, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v3i5.825

Abstract

This research presents a in-depth analysis of the history and contribution of Indonesia's Fast Attack Craft (Kapal Cepat Rudal or KCR), focusing on the evolution from the first generation to the sixth generation. As an archipelagic nation with complex maritime defense challenges, Indonesia views KCR as a critical asset in maintaining sovereignty and maritime security. In the context of military modernization, this research aims to understand the impact of KCR on national defense. The applied research method is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), providing a comprehensive analytical framework for relevant literature on the research topic. A total of 80 articles were collected and analyzed, forming a strong foundation to illustrate the transformation of KCR in terms of history, technology, operations, and tactics. The research results indicate that the first-generation KCR, such as the Komar class, played a key role during the confrontation with Malaysia and various military operations. In the second generation, the Ahmad Yani class showed technological advancements and weapon system success in maintaining national security. The third generation, represented by the Fatahillah class, brought significant innovation with the use of MM38 Exocet missiles, enhancing self-defense capabilities. Subsequent generations demonstrated significant development, both in terms of technology and involvement in humanitarian and regional conflict operations. The sixth-generation KCR, recently completed by PT PAL, marks the peak of Indonesia's military modernization with automatic weapons and state-of-the-art technology. However, challenges for the seventh generation and beyond lie in rapid technological developments, increased firepower and precision, operational flexibility, cyber security, environmental sustainability, and human resource management. By understanding and addressing these challenges, it is expected that future generations of KCR can continue to be a strategic element in Indonesia's maritime defense, responding to evolving threats in the era of military modernization.

References

ARESTI, R. E. N. (2018). Upaya Penyelesaian Konflik China-Filipina Dalam Sengketa Laut China Selatan (LCS) Tahun 2012-2017 (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional" Veteran" Yogyakarta).

Bupu, T. N., & Sumarjiana, I. K. L. (2021). Operasi Trikora sebagai Upaya Mengembalikan Irian Barat ke Wilayah Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Santiaji Pendidikan (JSP), 11(1).

Desember, I. G. K. H. (2020). Strategi Maintenance, Repair Dan Overhaul (MRO) Kapal Perang TNI Al dalam Mendukung Kesiapan Operasi Laut di Fasharkan Lantamal V Surabaya. Jurnal Teknologi Daya Gerak, 3(2).

Hardjono, S. Kajian Kapal Cepat Rudal (KCR) 60m Terhadap Kondisi Seastate Perairan Kawasan Barat Dan Timur Indonesia Study On The Fast Missile Craft (KCR) Of 60 M At The Seastate Condition Of The West And Eastern. Pengkajian Industri, 239.

Indomiliter. (2019, March 16). Komar class: Generasi Awal Kapal Cepat Rudal TNI AL. Indomiliter.com. https://www.indomiliter.com/komar-class-generasi-awal-kapal-cepat-rudal-tni-al/

Indrawan, I. R. Analisis Motivasi Indonesia Dalam Melakukan Pengembangan Kapal Selam U-209/1400 Bersama Korea Selatan (2017-2019).

Jupriyanto, J., Deksino, G. R., Aritonang, S., & Ramadhan, M. T. (2023). Strategi Penegakan Kebijakan Hilirisasi Nikel Terhadap Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Domestik Dan Kemandirian Industri Pertahanan. Nusantara: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 10(7), 3305-3311.

Kristiyono, K., Maarif, S., & Madjid, M. A. (2021). Peran Nyata Pusat Hidro-Oseanografi Tni Angkatan Laut Dalam Penanggulangan Bencana. Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara, 11(1), 81-92.

Nugraha, B. A., Widana, I. D. K. K., Wilopo, W., Hidayat, R., & Sakti, S. K. (2020). Peran Pangkalan TNI AL Balikpapan Dalam Penanggulangan Bencana Alam Di Wilayah Kerjanya. NUSANTARA: Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 7(2), 352-360.

Nurhuda, N. (2021). Literature Review tentang Sejarah Perang dalam Strategi Perang Semesta Indonesia. Jurnal Inovasi Penelitian, 1(10), 2273-2282.

Prayitno, M. E., Sudiarso, A., & Sianturi, D. (2022). Peningkatan Kesiapan Kapal Perang Republik Indonesia (Kri) Satuan Lintas Laut Militer Jakarta Untuk Mendukung Angkutan Laut Militer Increasing The Readiness Of Indonesian Naval Ships Of Jakarta Military Sealift Units To Support Military Sea Transport. Jurnal Pertahanan & Bela Negara, 12(1), 1-15.

PT PAL. (2023). Lengkap dengan Senjata Utama, Kapal Cepat Rudal (KCR) 60m Ke-6 Sukses Uji Pelayaran. PT PAL Indonesia – Website Resmi PT PAL Indonesia. https://www.pal.co.id/lengkap-dengan-senjata-utama-kapal-cepat-rudal-kcr-60m-ke-6-sukses-uji-pelayaran/

Pujiatmoko, S., Mualim, M., & Sasongko, N. A. (2022). PT PAL Empowerment Strategy as a Lead Integrator at ALPALHANKAM KCR 60 to Support State Defense at Sea. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 972, No. 1, p. 012059). IOP Publishing.

Rachmat, A. N. (2014). Tantangan dan Peluang Perkembangan Teknologi Pertahanan Global Bagi Pembangunan Kekuatan Pertahanan Indonesia. Transformasi Global, 1(2).

Sambhi, N. (2017). Indonesiaʹs Naval and Coast Guard Upgrades and Jokowiʹs Global Maritime Fulcrum. In M. Hiebert, GB Poling, & C. Cronin, In the Wake of Arbitration: Papers from the Sixth Annual CSIS South China Sea Conference (pp. 83-94).

Senoaji, B., & Putra, I. N. (2020). Analisis Pengaruh Letak Bilge Keel Terhadap Stabilitas Kapal Kcr 60m Dalam Mendukung Operasi Pertahanan Di Laut. Jurnal Teknologi Daya Gerak, 3(1).

Speller, I. (2018). Understanding naval warfare. Routledge.

Szvetits, M., & Zdun, U. (2016). Systematic literature review of the objectives, techniques, kinds, and architectures of models at runtime. Software & Systems Modeling, 15, 31-69.

Wu, S. S. (2024). Military Modernisation in Southeast Asia after the Cold War: Acquisition, Retention, and Geostrategic Impacts. Taylor & Francis.

Yazid, Y. (2009). Konflik Minoritas Melayu dan Militer Thailand Analisis terhadap Krisis Politik di Selatan Thailand. TOLERANSI: Media Ilmiah Komunikasi Umat Beragama, 1(2), 168-183.