Assessing Power Relations, Loyalty, Integrity, and Norms in the Conduct of Military Operartions for War (MOW) and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOW)

Bayu Setiawan

doi:10.55227/ijhess.v5i2.1927

Authors

Bayu Setiawan Universitas Pertahanan Republik Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v5i2.1927

Keywords:

TNI, MOW, MOOW, military law, command responsibiliy, power relations, human rights, military doctrine

Abstract

The background of this study is the implementation of Military Operations for War (MOW) and Military Operations Other Than War (MOOW) by the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI), which is consistently carried out within the framework of compliance with national law, international law, and TNI internal regulations, based on TNI doctrine, Sapta Marga, Soldier’s Oath, the Eight Obligations of TNI, the Eleven Principles of TNI Leadership, as well as technical regulations such as the Military Judiciary Law, the Military Discipline Law, and Basic Military Regulations. The purpose of this research is to analyze command responsibility from a legal perspective, particularly when subordinates execute orders from superiors that are later contested as legal violations, both under national law and international humanitarian law. The research method employed is qualitative analysis of legislation, military doctrine, and empirical data from the Ministry of Defense (2023), which recorded 274 MOOW activities with a mission success rate of 96.8%, while the remaining 3.2% raised legal issues related to the execution of command orders. The findings indicate a gap between ideal norms and operational realities on the ground, highlighting the need for clearer boundaries of command authority and responsibility. The study recommends harmonizing military and general law, updating the doctrine of command responsibility, and strengthening operational legal training for soldiers to ensure a balance between command authority and the protection of individual rights.

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