Contribution of Business Training Services on the Entrepreneurial Capacity of Businesswomen in Mbeere South Sub County, Embu County, Kenya

Authors

  • Lillian Lwayah Mount Kenya University
  • Kennedy K. Mutundu Mount Kenya University, Kenya
  • Serah Kimaru-Muchai Mount Kenya University, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v5i2.1955

Abstract

This study sought to understand the impact of business training on women proprietors and managers of businesses in Mbeere South Sub County in Embu County, Kenya. A mixture of quantitative and qualitative techniques was adopted to measure the impact of the non-financial business development service on women entrepreneurs. In this study, the descriptive research design was employed and was based on the expectancy, performance and human development theories. The target population consisted of 813 women who were running and managing micro businesses in three major primary markets, namely Kiritiri, Gategi and Mutuobare. Purposive sampling was used to select the markets and thereafter, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were employed in the selection of 268 respondents. Structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, whereas focus group discussions and key informant interviews provided qualitative and in-depth information in the study. Quantitative data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 27 using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were organized according to themes and presented in narrative form. The findings revealed that business training and entrepreneurial capacity had a correlation of  R²=0.85 and  p <  .005, thus there was a strong correlation between the two, meaning that this form of training was essential for the creation and efficient administrative control of both new and existing enterprises. This study concluded that training services needed to be appropriate and demand driven, and this needed to be provided in the short and medium terms. Additionally, there was need to tackle the affordability, awareness and post training follow up barriers that hindered the effectiveness of this business support service delivery.

References

Achuti, E. O. (2025). Financial Accessibility Challenges and Sustainability of Women-Owned Enterprises in Kisii Township, Kenya. East African Finance Journal, 4(3), 62–75. https://doi.org/10.59413/eafj/v4.i3.4

Asiedu, E., Lambon-Quayefio, M., Truffa, F., & Wong, A. (2023). Female Entrepreneurship and Professional Networks *.

Bhatia-Kalluri, A. (2021). Bhatia-Kalluri E-commerce for Rural Micro-Entrepreneurs E-COMMERCE FOR RURAL MICRO-ENTREPRENEURS: MAPPING RESTRICTIONS, ECOLOGIES OF USE AND TRENDS FOR DEVELOPMENT.

Dawadi, S., Shrestha, S., & Giri, R. A. (2021). Mixed-Methods Research: A Discussion on its Types, Challenges, and Criticisms. Journal of Practical Studies in Education, 2(2), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.46809/jpse.v2i2.20

Embu County Government. (2022). Embu CIDP 2023-27. Building a Prosperous and Inclusive County.

Esther Omosa, B., Naibei, R., & KIPPRA. (2025). Empowering Women Entrepreneurs to Create Jobs in Kenya    What are you looking for? https://kippra.or.ke/empowering-women-entrepreneurs-to-create-jobs-in-kenya/5/

Felicia Siegris, & Women Entrepreneurs Finance Initiative (We-Fi). (2022). SUPPORTING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: WHAT WORKS? A REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE BASE & WE-FI’S THEORY OF CHANGE. www.we-fi.org

Field, A. P. . (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. SAGE.

Florida, S., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2012). Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3

Gachimbi, P. W. (2018). CHALLENGES FACED BY FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS AND STRATEGIES ADOPTED TO ENSURE BUSINESS GROWTH-A CASE OF SELECTED MICRO ENTERPRISES IN JUJA-KENYA.

Ghanad, A. (2023). An Overview of Quantitative Research Methods. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v6-i8-52

GIZ. (2023). giz2023-en-women-entrepreneur-finance-and-investment-toolkit.

Hamilton, Lorna., & Ravenscroft, John. (2020). Building research design in education : theoretically informed advanced methods. Bloomsbury Academic.

ILO. (2017). Developing markets: How training female entrepreneurs can improve business practices and profits-evidence from Kenya. www.ilo.org/sme

Imdad, H. (2022). Exploration of Technology Adoption in Urban & Rural Women Entrepreneurs of Peshawar. CARC Research in Social Sciences, 1(2), 30–37. https://doi.org/10.58329/criss.v1i2.9

International Financial Corporation (IFC). (2020). Non-Financial Services: The Key to Unlocking the Growth Potential of Women-led Small and Medium Enterprises for Banks. www.fmo.nl

ISA, F. M., MOHD NOR, N. A., & NOOR, S. (2021). Leadership and Decision-making Style among Women Entrepreneurs: A Case of Malaysia. International Review of Management and Business Research, 10(1), 68–79. https://doi.org/10.30543/10-1(2021)-7

Leulseged, T., Tsegaye Asst, A., & Alamrew, Y. (2020). The Role of Business Development Services in Micro and Small Enterprises Development (The Case of Gondar City Administration). 22, 32–75. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-2203043275

Liu, Y., Wei, S., & Xu, J. (2021). COVID-19 and Women-Led Businesses around the World. Finance Research Letters, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102012

Lwesya, F., Mwakalobo, A. B. S., & Mbukwa, J. (2021). Utilization of non-financial business support services to aid development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Tanzania. Small Business International Review, 5(2), e358. https://doi.org/10.26784/sbir.v5i2.358

Marshall, J. D., Aguinis, H., & Beltran, J. R. (2024). THEORIES OF PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW AND INTEGRATION. Academy of Management Annals, 18(2), 600–625. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2022.0049

Mengstie, B. (2016). Impact of Business Development Services on Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises in East Amhara Region of Ethiopia. In European Journal of Business and Management www.iiste.org ISSN (Vol. 8, Issue 4). Online. www.iiste.org

Moraa, L. E., & Mainah, M. (2023). Impact of Gender-Inclusive Labor Policies on Women’s Employment in Isiolo County, Kenya. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS

Mostafa, S. A., & Ahmad, I. A. (2018). Recent developments in systematic sampling: A review. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, 12(2), 290–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/15598608.2017.1353456

MSME Report. (2021). MSME Finance Gap MARCH 2025 Report.

Novanda, R. R., Khaliqi, M., Bakhtiar, A., & Amiruddin, A. (2021). The impact of entrepreneurial characteristics and innovation characteristics on entrepreneurial skills in Madura cattle farmers. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 782(2). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/2/022026

Patton, M. Q. (2002). qualitative-research-evaluation-methods-by-michael-patton.

Raman, R., Subramaniam, N., Nair, V. K., Shivdas, A., Achuthan, K., & Nedungadi, P. (2022). Women Entrepreneurship and Sustainable Development: Bibliometric Analysis and Emerging Research Trends. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159160

Ruwan. (2015). ENHANCING ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN SRI LANKA: THE PROVISION OF BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (BDS) BY MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS TO SUPPORT THE SELF-SUFFICIENCY OF MICROENTERPRISES RUWAN ABEYSEKERA.

Sitaridis, I., & Kitsios, F. (2024). Digital entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education: a review of the literature. In International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research (Vol. 30, Issues 2–3, pp. 277–304). Emerald Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-01-2023-0053

Smart, & UNICEF. (2020). Investing in the Pathways to Employment For adolescent girls and young women in low and middle-income countries A Guide for Investors.

Tanusha, R. (2022). WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP as a Strategy for Sustainable Livelihoods.

Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. In International journal of medical education (Vol. 2, pp. 53–55). https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd

UNDP. (1990). Human development report. Oxford University Press : United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).

UNDP. (2022). UNDP MSEA MSME Recovery and Resilience Report.

Whitlock, D. W., Hampton, A., & Campbell, K. (2023). Mentoring Women Entrepreneurs: Perceived Needs and Benefits. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371337179

Willie, M. M. (2024). Population and Target Population in Research Methodology. Golden Ratio of Social Science and Education, 4(1), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.52970/grsse.v4i1.405

Worl Bank. (2021). “Breaking Barriers: Female Entrepreneurs Who Cross Over to Male-Dominated Sectors.” World Bank Group, Washington, DC.

World Bank. (2020). Women, Business and the Law 2022. https://wbl.worldbank.org

Zogning, F. (2023). Financial inclusion, inclusive entrepreneurship, and alternative financing options. In Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship (Vol. 35, Issue 1, pp. 8–13). Taylor and Francis Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2022.2120345

Downloads

Published

2025-10-22

How to Cite

Lwayah, L., Kennedy K. Mutundu, & Serah Kimaru-Muchai. (2025). Contribution of Business Training Services on the Entrepreneurial Capacity of Businesswomen in Mbeere South Sub County, Embu County, Kenya. International Journal Of Humanities Education and Social Sciences, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v5i2.1955

Issue

Section

Social Science