The Indo-Pacific Context : Maritime Security Challenges And Diplomacy Of Asean Countries

Endyka Triono Dachi; Moch Yurianto; Purwanto

doi:10.55227/ijhess.v2i6.509

Authors

Endyka Triono Dachi Maritime Security Department Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defence University
Moch Yurianto Maritime Security Department Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defence University
Purwanto Maritime Security Department Faculty of National Security, Republic of Indonesia Defence University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v2i6.509

Keywords:

Maritime Security, Indo-Pacific, ASEAN Diplomacy

Abstract

The Indo-Pacific region is considered strategic considering that there are intersections in international trade routes in it. Meanwhile, the strategic value as a geopolitical center is emphasized by the presence of strong countries such as the United States, China, India, Australia, Japan, as well as ASEAN countries. Based of the problem that has been described, the objective of this article is to examine the strategies and diplomatic efforts of ASEAN countries in dealing with maritime security threats in the Indo-Pacific Region. The study used qualitative methods with descriptive research design. This research through the Zoom Meeting application by inviting representative speakers from Universitas Pertahanan Malaysia. The activity will be held on 28 June-2 July 2021. Theoritical framework in this article using maritime security concept, maritime diplomacy concept, and Indo-Pacific Concept. The conclusion is the feud between China and the United States in the Indo-Pacific region, especially the South China Sea has the potential to disrupt regional stability and security. Maritime security related to undisturbed shipping traffic and communications is an effort that the United States is guarding. China's presence in the South China Sea area threatens the interests of the United States regarding sea traffic which will have an impact on the global economy and its country if no action is taken. Countries in Southeast Asia see this problem as something that must be resolved. The presence of AOIP is expected to be able to help resolve existing problems regarding actions that are carried out individually by ASEAN member countries.

References

Agastia, I. G. B. D. (2020). Understanding Indonesia’s role in the ‘ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific ’: A role theory approach. Asia and The Pacific Policy Studies, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/app5.308

Albi, S., Oktyari Retnaningsih, U., & Eka Nizmi, Y. (2021). Strategi Asean Menghadapi Persaingan Kekuatan Amerika Serikat Dan China Di Kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Journal Publicuho, 4(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.35817/jpu.v4i1.16 116

Alby, S., Retnaningsih, U. O., & Nizmi, Y. E. (2021). Strategi ASEAN Menghadapi Persaingan Kekuatan Amerika Seriakt dan China di Kawasan Indo-Pasifik. Journal Publicuho, 4(1), 27–38. https://doi.org/10.35817/jpu.v4i1.16 116

Arisandy, Y. (2017). Indonesia Dorong Kerja Sama Maritim Di ASEAN. https://www.antaranews.com/berita/ 476879/indonesia-dorong- kerjasama-%0Amaritim-di-asean.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations. (2019). ASEAN Outlook On The Indo- Pacific. Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Barboza, D. (2010). China Passes Japan as Second-Largest Economy. The New York Times.

Bidara, M. A., & Mamentu, M. (2018). Kepentingan Amerika Serikat Dalam Konflik Laut Cina Selatan. Jurnal Eksekutif, 1(1).

Chalid, A. M., Heryadi, D., Nuraeni, & Sudirman, A. (2016). Peran ASEAN Merespons Kerja Sama Militer Amerika Serikat dan Filipina Terkait Konflik Laut China Selatan. Intermestic: Journal of International Studies, 1(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.24198/intermestic. v1n1.2

Chance, A. (2016). American Perspective on the Belt and Road Initiative: Sources of Concern Possibilities for US-China Coorperation.

Chen, D. (2020). Indo-Pasifik Strategy Background Analysis. https://www.ispionline.it/it/pubblicaz ione/indo-pacific-strategy- background-analysis-20714

Cogan, M. S., & Mishra, V. (2020). India- Thailand Security Cooperation : Strengthening the Indo-Pacific Resolve. Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs, 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/23477970209 06651

Darmawan, A. B., & Mahendra, Lady. (2018). Isu Laut Tiongkok Selatan: Negara-negara ASEAN Terbelah Menghadapi Tiongkok. Jurnal Global & Strategis, 12(1), 79. https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.12.1.201 8.79-100

De, P. (2019). Navigating the Indo-Pacific Cooperation. Retrieved from https://economictimes.indiatimes.co m/blogs/et-commentary/navigating- the-indo-pacific-cooperation/

Dhyani, R. (2021). Myanmar plays a vital role in India’s Indo-Pacific policy. Asia Times.

Ebrina, S. A., & Tjarsono, I. (2016). Motivasi Filipina Melakukan Kerjasama Pertahanan dan Keamanan Dengan Amerika Serikat Dalam Enhanced Defense Cooperation Agreement (EDCA) Tahun 2014. Jurnal Online Mahasiswa FISIP, 3(2).

Feldt, L., Roell, P., & Thiele, R. D. (2013). ISPSW Strategy Series: Focus on Defense and International Security Maritime Security-Perspectives for a Comprehensive Approach Maritime Security-Perspectives for a Comprehensive Approach. 49(222), 1–25. http://www.ispsw.de

Ha, H. T. (2019). ASEAN Navigates between Indo-Pacific Polemics and Potentials. ISEAS Yushof Ishak Institute.

Hadistian, Suwarno, P., & Supriyadi. (2021). Konsep Lebensraum: Perebutan Hegemoni Laut China Selatan Antara China Dengan Amerika Serikat. Jurnal Education and Development, 9(2), 127–136.

Heiduk, F., & Wacker, G. (2020). From Asia-Pacific to Indo-Pacific: Significance, Implementation and Challenges (Issue 9).

Kartini, I. (2015). Kebijakan Jalur Sutra Baru Cina dan Implikasi Bagi Amerika Serikat. Kajian Wilayah, 6(2), 131–147.

Keliat, M. (2009). Keamanan Maritim dan Implikasi Kebijakannya Bagi Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Ilmu Politik, 13(Juli), 19. Khurana, G. S. (2017). Indo-Pacific Concept Retrospect Prospect. http://cimsec.org/indo-pacific- concept-retrospect-prospect/34710

Khurana, Gurpreet S. (2007). Security of Sea Lines: Prospects for India–Japan Cooperation. Strategic Analysis, 31(1), 139–153. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.108 0/09700160701355485

Klein, N., Mossop, J., & Rothwell, D, R. (2010). Maritime Security: International Law and Policy Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand. Routledge.

Linarwati, M., Fathoni, A., & Minarsih, M. M. (2016). Studi Deskriptif Pelatihan Dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Manusia Serta Penggunaan Metode Behavioral Event Interview Dalam Merekrut Karyawan Baru Di Bank Mega Cabang Kudus. Journal of Management, 2(2), 1.

Maini, T. S. (2018). Singapore’s Increasing Relevance in the Indo-Pacific. The Asia Dialogue.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Singapore. (2019). Minister for Foreign Affairs Dr Vivian Balakrishnan’s Written Reply to Parliamentary Question, 5 August 2019. Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Moleong, L. J. (2006). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Myo, K. M. M. (2020). Myanmar’s Perspective on Indo-Pacific. Challenges to Peace and Security in South Asia.

Natalegawa, M. (2013). An Indonesian perspective on the Indo-Pacific’. Retrieved from https://www.thejakartapost.com/new s/2013/05/20/an-indonesian- perspective-indo-pacific.html

Nedopil, C. (2021). Countries of the Belt and Road Initiative. IIGF Green BRI Center.

Ni, J. (2008). The Beijing Olympics and China’s national image building. 14th CCTR Workshop: “China, the Olympics & the World,” 1–7.

Nugraha, M. H. R., & Sudirman, A. (2016). Maritime Diplomacy Sebagai Strategi Pembangunan Keamanan Maritim Indonesia. Jurnal Wacana Politik, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.24198/jwp.v1i2.11 059

Passarelli, D. M. (2014). Sea Change: Evolving Maritime Geopolitics in the Indo-Pacific Region. Washington DC: Stimson Center.

Putra, I. N., & Hakim, A. (2016). Analisa Peluang Dan Ancaman Keamanan Maritim Indonesia Sebagai Dampak Perkembangan Lingkungan Strategis. Asro Jurnal-STTAL, 6, 22.

Rijal, N. K. (2019). Smart Maritime Diplomacy: Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia Menuju Poros Maritim Dunia. Jurnal Global & Strategis, 13(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.13.1.201 9.63-78

Roza, R. (2019). Pandangan Asean Terhadap Indo-Pasifik. Info Singkat, XI(12), 7–12.

Sugiyono. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R&D. Alfabeta.

Tertia, J., & Perwita, A. A. B. (2018). Maritime Security in Indo-Pacific: Issues, Challanges and Prospects. Pacis: Jurnal Ilmiah Hubungan Internasional, 14(1), 11–17.

Thu, H. Le. (2018). Southeast Asians Hope for Neutrality, Prepare for a Choice. Pacific Forum.

US Department of State. (2018). Integratd Country Strategy: Lao People’s Democratic Strategy.

US Department of State. (2019). A Free and Open Indo-Pacific Advancing a Shared Vision.

Vicedo, C. (2018). The Philippines Stays Free and Open in its Position on the Indo-Pacific. East Asia Forum.

Yanuarti, Indri. Wibisono, Makarim. Midhio, & Wayan. (2020). Strategi Kerja Sama Indo-Pasifik untuk Mendukung Pertahanan Negara: Perspektif Indonesia. Jurnal Strategi Pertahanan Semesta2, 6(1), 41–70.