Strategic of Defense Management to Navigating the Complexities of CPEC

Lativa Audina Putri; Hikmat Zakky Almubaroq; Ari Pitoyo Sumarno; Untung Hartono

doi:10.55227/ijhess.v4i6.1364

Authors

Lativa Audina Putri Indonesia Defense University
Hikmat Zakky Almubaroq Defense Management, Faculty of Defense Management, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Ari Pitoyo Sumarno Defense Management, Faculty of Defense Management, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University
Untung Hartono Defense Management, Faculty of Defense Management, The Republic of Indonesia Defense University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55227/ijhess.v4i6.1364

Abstract

The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is a transformative initiative with significant impacts on the economic, social, and environmental landscapes of both countries. This study conducts a comprehensive PESTEL analysis to examine the political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal effects of CPEC. The main objective is to understand CPEC's potential to drive economic growth, create employment, solve energy crises, and foster technological advancements, while also addressing challenges such as debt sustainability, social inequality, environmental risks, and legal issues. This qualitative research draws from an extensive review of scholarly articles, reports, and literature to provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers involved in large-scale economic projects. The findings emphasize the need for effective governance, equitable benefit distribution, and sustainable development practices to ensure the successful implementation of CPEC.

References

Afzal, J., Afzal, M. A., & Nishtar, Z. (2023). Completion of the Ten Years of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) and its Economical Goals. Inverge Journal of Social Sciences, 2(November): 58.

Akhtar, N., Khan, H. U., Jan, M. A., Pratt, C. B., & Jianfu, M. (2021). Exploring the Determinants of the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and Its Impact on Local Communities. SAGE Open, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211057127

Alam, S., Zhijun, Y., Jan, N., Ahmad, A., Islam, M. ul, & Noor, A. (2019). The Analysis of China Pakistan Economics Corridor (CPEC) through the SWOT Technique. DEStech Transactions on Economics Business and Management, icerem: 30818.

Ali, M. (2018). Pakistan’s quest for coal-based energy under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): implications for the environment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(32), 31935–31937. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-3326-y

Aman, J., Abbas, J., Shi, G., Ain, N. U., & Gu, L. (2022). Community Wellbeing Under China-Pakistan Economic Corridor: Role of Social, Economic, Cultural, and Educational Factors in Improving Residents’ Quality of Life. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.816592

Anwar, A., & Rizwan, M. (2024). From Silk Road to China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC): A Comprehensive Analysis of Economic, Geopolitical, Socio-Cultural, and Environmental Landscapes of Pakistan. Annals of Social Sciences and Perspective, 5(1): 9-29.

Begum, Siddiqui, M., Khokhar, M., Rafique Makhdoom, T., Devi, A., Akhtar Bhatti, A., Hussain, N., & School of Business, B. (2023). Exploring the Rural Development of China Pakistan Economic Corridor Project: Impact on Social Responsibilities and South Region of Pakistan. International Journal of Special Education, 38(1): 135-150.

Hameed, M. (2018). The politics of the China―Pakistan economic corridor. Palgrave Communications, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-018-0115-7

Hussain, A., Saleem, R., Bhatti, M. A., & Ibraheem, R. (2022). Stronger Bonds versus Weaker Perceptions: Job Opportunities to be Created by CPEC and the Pakistan Workforce’s Potential to Benefit. Pakistan Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 10(2), 771–782. https://doi.org/10.52131/pjhss.2022.1002.0242

Kamran, M., Bian, J., Li, A., Lei, G., Nan, X., & Jin, Y. (2021). Investigating eco-environmental vulnerability for china–pakistan economic corridor key sector punjab using multi-sources geo-information. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090625

Khalid, I., Ahmad, T., & Ullah, S. (2022). Environmental impact assessment of CPEC: a way forward for sustainable development. International Journal of Development Issues, 21(1), 159–171. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJDI-08-2021-0154

Kouser, S., Subhan, A., & Abedullah. (2020). Uncovering Pakistan’s Environmental Risks and Remedies under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(5), 4661–4663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07428-5

Mahmood, A., & Askari, M. U. (2022). Revisiting the Determinants and Challenges of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (Cpec) Through the Lens of Public Opinion. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 04(04), 828–839. https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.897

Saad, A., Xinping, G., & Ijaz, M. (2019). China-Pakistan economic corridor and its influence on perceived economic and social goals: Implications for social policy makers. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(18), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184949

Sher, A., Mazhar, S., Abbas, A., Iqbal, M. A., & Li, X. (2019). Linking entrepreneurial skills and opportunity recognition with improved food distribution in the context of the CPEC: A case of Pakistan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071838

Sugiyono. (2023). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif (Untuk penelitian yang bersifat: eksploratif, enterpretif, interaktif dan konstruktif). Metode Penelitian Kualitatif, 1–274.

Waheed, A., Fischer, B., & Khan, M. I. (2021). Climate Change Policy Coherence Across Policies, Plans, and Strategies in Pakistan—Implications for the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor Plan. Environmental Management, 67(5): 793-810.

Zhang, R., Andam, F., & Shi, G. (2017). Environmental and social risk evaluation of overseas investment under the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-5967-6